A photographic guide siri scientific press more than 200 colour photographs and illustrations photography by benjamin hyde and illustrations by nobumichi tamura the small coastal town of whitby is located in north yorkshire, england. Whitby mudstone formation from the cleveland basin using the then recent development of backscattered scanning electron microscopy. It has been associated with fossils for hundreds of years. Rapid observations to guide the design of systems for long. Sedimentary environment controls on the accumulation of. In order to enhance our understanding of the process of formation of organic carbon up to 10%, optical, microscopy and geochemical methods have been used to investigate the petrographic and. The stratigraphical derivation of the specimens is unknown, but their location suggests that they are likely to be from the whitby mudstone. Mudstone definition, a clayey rock with the texture and composition of shale but little or no lamination. The uppermost staithes sandstone formation to lowermost alum shale member were studied in a core drilled recently approximately 10 km south of whitby and 7 km west of robin hoods bay to investigate the evolution of pliensbachiantoarcian lower jurassic depositional environments of the cleveland basin, yorkshire, uk. Microfabric, mineralogy and early diagenetic history of the whitby. The impact of global warming and anoxia on marine benthic.
Whitby mudstone formation is part of wikiproject geology, an attempt at creating a standardized, informative, comprehensive and easytouse geology resource. The overlying lower toarcian whitby mudstone formation is subdivided into three members. Download the engineering geology of british rocks and soils. The presence of gutter casts, wave ripple laminae and distal tempestites indicate that the cleveland ironstone formation was deposited on a stormdominated marine shelf. Rhomaleosaurus thorntoni possesses the following autapomorphies. Pdf sequence stratigraphy in organiccarbon rich mudstone. The wmf is the lateral equivalent of the psf in northen europe ghadeer et al. Elsewhere, at base of mudstone overlying ironstone of the marlstone rock formation. The elemental geochemistry data were used to assess the palaeoredox state of the depositional environment, the role of dilution of organic matter by siliciclastic material, and the rates of organic productivity in the photic zone above the site of deposition. The whitby mudstone formation has one of the highest landslide densities in the uk with 42 landslides per 100 km 2. The upper ordovicianlower silurian mudstones including the wufeng, guanyinqiao and longmaxi formations in the sichuan basin are some of the most important shale gas plays in china.
This is a medium and dark grey fossiliferous mudstone and siltstone, laminated and bituminous in part, with thin siltstone and silty mudstone beds and rare finegrained calcareous sandstone beds. The toarcian transgressive shale sequence shows a progressive change from. Mudstone mudstone is an extremely finegrained sedimentary rock consisting of a mixture of clay and siltsized particles. They are formed from sediment deposited by fastflowing rivers or by waves on beaches. A combined geomorphological and geophysical approach to. Lias group 11 mb pdf provides an indepth study of the lias group using data held in the national geotechnical database.
In this research we analyze an outcrop analogue, the whitby mustone formation wmf, in terms of its horizontal fracture network. A landslide complex in the whitby mudstone formation at hollin hill, north yorkshire, uk is periodically reactivated in response to rainfallinduced porewater pressure fluctuations. Chalky till oadby till occurs at the top of the quarry. The stratigraphical derivation of the specimens is unknown, but their location suggests that they are likely to be from the whitby mudstone formation in the upper lias group of the lower jurassic. Microfabric, mineralogy and early diagenetic history of the whitby mudstone formation toarcian, cleveland basin, u. The staithes sandstone formation is generally a 30m thick argillaceous silty sandstone with 2 to 4m thick sequences of cleaner finegrained laminated sandstone in the middle and upper parts. The rocks exposed are lower jurassic, all of which were deposited in marine conditions of varying depth. The whitby mudstone is an analogue for the dutch posidonia shale which is a possible unconventional source for gas. Mudstone formation on lyme regis east beach mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a finegrained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds.
The mineralogy of mudrocks from the lias group of england. Faults and fractures within the wellexposed lower jurassic cleveland ironstone and whitby mudstone formations may provide insights into the tectonic history of gasprospective, mississippian shale in northern england. Impact of water saturation on the elastic anisotropy of the. Black sea seasonal entrainment of dissolved oxygen below the chemocline results in a temporary hiatus in which an oxygen induced mass mortality of. Whitby mudstone formation at staithes in north yorkshire. Two specimens of dactylioceras, collected loose on the foreshore at saltwick bay, near whitby, north yorkshire, show damage similar to that recorded previously on specimens from dorset and elsewhere in europe. Horizontal fracturefault network characterization of. Fracturefault network characterization of pavement imagery. The specimens from saltwick bay extend the record of predated ammonites to the lower jurassic of north yorkshire. The lias has been involved in a number of major engineering projects, explored for industrial use and investigated in scientific research over the last two centuries. In cleveland basin, base of mudstone resting upon ooidal limestone or sideritic mudstone nodules of the cleveland ironstone see cox, b m, et al, for more details. Stub this article has been rated as stubclass on the projects quality scale.
Subvertical opening mode fractures occur throughout the cleveland basin. Impact of water saturation on the elastic anisotropy of. It has been included in the marlstone by others, but the. In order to enhance our understanding of the process of formation of organic carbon up to 10%, optical, microscopy and geochemical methods have been used to investigate the petrographic and geochemical. The seams, as seen in the illustration to the left, are clearly visible, usually being coated in a white clay mineral, probably dickite.
Mudstone whitby mudstone formation 3% sandstones and siltstones cleveland ironstone formation 1% mudstones and siltstone redcar mudstone formation 96% as illustrated by the table above, redcar mudstonethe formation will comprise the principal rock waste component 96% by volume to be generated from the works and. It can be a very productive location when the conditions are right, yielding a wide range of ammonite species. Bitten ammonites from the upper lias group lower jurassic. At the base of the waterloo mudstone formation the triassic rhaetian age of the preplanorbis beds is defined by the composition of miospore assemblages recovered from the larne no. Significance of lamination in toarcian lower jurassic shales from. A rare and unusual trace fossil from the lower jurassic. Blue lias and the lower lias clay now charmouth mudstone formation at the top of table ledge bed 53. Rotunda geology group the robinson ammonite collection. Natural fractures in a united kingdom shale reservoir. Summary shale reservoir potential is largely determined by the connected pore network in the rock and the connection between the pore.
Permeability of intact and fractured whitby mudstone earthdoc. The whitby mudstone formation has one of the highest landslide densities in the uk with 42 landslides per 100 km2. Waterloo mudstone formation, triassic, northern ireland. The fractured and highly fissile nature of weak mudstone renders block sampling and preparation of specimens unusually. At waterloo the preplanorbis beds of the waterloo mudstone formation are up to 10 m thick. They are always formed in layers, called beds or strata, and quite often contain fossils. The formation, part of the lias group, is present in the cleveland and worcester basins and the east midlands shelf. Triaxial deformation tests were performed on mudstone core plugs to investigate the impact of water saturation on the elastic anisotropy of the whitby mudstone united kingdom. Inorganic geochemistry and palaeoenvironments of the early. Whitby mudstone formation mudstone whmmdst nonproductive aquifer. Location of the different samples can be found infig.
Falciferumbifrons in regional chronostratigraphy geological formation in yorkshire and worcestershire, england. It is typically intensely bioturbated andor showing bedding structures of many types. This is another location where you can find ammonites and shells. The whitby mudstone formation is predominantly argillaceous and locally c. The upper lias of yorkshire as represented to the north and west of the peak fault, is a phase of aeposition of argillaceous sediments under varying physical conditions. Bedparallel fractures have not been observed within more formula rich units at the top of the whitby mudstone formation at whitby east cliff, or within wellbedded, clayrich shale at saltwick nab. Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a finegrained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. Conglomerate is made up of rounded pebbles 2mm cemented together. The whitby mudstone formations alum shale member is exposed on the highest part of the shore and at the foot of the cliff. Shale, mudstone, and claystone as potential host rocks for. The quarry exposes a full sequence of the marlstone, 3. The mechanical and physical properties of the whitby mudstone were estimated from stressstrain and ultrasonic wave velocity data obtained on core plugs with different.
Formation cleveland ironstone formation whitby mudstone formation lias group lias old term for lower jurassic. The lias group rocks are recorded as having the highest incidence of landsliding in the uk. Apr 12, 2014 so far, we have evidence of jurassic sea life on one side and land vegetation on the other but whitby cannot possibly have been under the sea and above it at the same time. The top of the whitby mudstone formation lias group, toarcian, bifrons ammonite zone is exposed low in the geological site of special scientific interest at ketton quarry, east midlands. For all specimens the geological horizon from which the ammonites were derived was carefully identified. The mudstone samples were recovered from the deep excavation for the bow office tower located in the heavily builtup area of downtown calgary. Black sea seasonal entrainment of dissolved oxygen below the chemocline results in a temporary hiatus in which an oxygen induced mass mortality of photosynthetic bacteria initiates their mass. Whitby mudstone formation its microstructure, porosity and permeability. Geotechnical properties of a weak mudstone in downtown. Landsliding at hollin hill in north yorkshire, uk is complex and continuing, and includes shallow, retrogressive rotational failure on the upper slope, translation, and flow from the base of the whitby mudstone formation over the scarp slope of the staithes sandstone formation. The upper lias whitby mudstone formation having as many as 42. Lias group 11 mb pdf the lias group encompasses some of the most important geological formations in britain.
You will notice that the cliffs on either side of the pier look very different to each other. In the current nomenclature, which defines the base of the charmouth mudstone as the top of the youngest limestone in a mudstonelimestone succession that contains numerous limestone beds cox et al. Middle lias staithes sandstone formation, cleveland ironstone formation. The mulgrave shale member of the whitby mudstone formation can microstructurally be subdivided into a fossil rich 15% upper half and a submm mineralogically laminated lower half. Pdf taphonomy of ammonites from the toarcian whitby mudstone. Pdf 6 the lower jurassicaged whitby mudstone formation. Fracturefault network characterization of pavement. Lias group engineering geological studies of bedrock. The whitby mudstone formation wmf samples were sampled along the cliff coast north of whitby in the united kingdom near runswick bay and port mulgrave see also zhubayev et al. Whilst the sand was being deposited in horizontal layers on the east. The whitby mudstone formation at staithes in the district of scarborough, north yorkshire, uk.
This paper describes the holotype of rhomaleosaurus thorntoni nhmuk pv r4853 from the upper part of the whitby mudstone formation toarcian of kingsthorpe hollow, northamptonshire, england. Terms such as claystone and siltstone are often used in place of mudstone, although these refer to rocks whose grain size falls within much narrower ranges and under close examination these are often technically mudstones. A rare burrow of fustiglyphus annulatus vialov from this part of the succession, not reported from the whitby mudstone formation hitherto, was collected from float. In the current nomenclature, which defines the base of the charmouth mudstone as the top of the youngest limestone in a mudstone limestone succession that contains numerous limestone beds cox et al. The grey shales are shallow water deposits which pass gradually but rapidly into the finely laminated, bituminous shales of the jet rock, which were laid down under black sea conditions, but in water much shallower than the. The strata are considered mainly according to their dimensions, depth, composition, permeability, structural and seismic history, and to the extent of drilling in the area. Redcar mudstone perhaps one of the most famous jurassic sites in northern england is on the north yorkshire coast between staithes and port mulgrave. When you next take a stroll along the pier at whitby, stop at the light house, and look back towards the town. Staithes once the largest fishing port in the north east. Both formations are deposited during the lower jurassic toarcian, roughly under the same anoxic sedimentary conditions. If you would like to participate, you can choose to edit this article, or visit the project page for more information. Durham etheses inorganic geochemistry and palaeoenvironments. In downward sequence they are the main, pecten, two foot, raisdale and avicula seams, the last one, in this.
The whitby mudstone is a toarcian geological formation in yorkshire and worcestershire. Robinson over a period of seventeen years from 1951 to 1968. Above the ssf is the cleveland ironstone formation cif, so named because of the ironstone seams which were once quarried or mined. For best results viewing and printing pdf documents, it is recommended that you download the documents to your computer and open them with adobe reader. The visible jurassic sequence is summarised in the table below. The lower boundary is gradational with the underlying mudstones of the redcar mudstone formation, but is taken for consistency at the base of the oyster bed, a fossiliferous calcareous and ferruginous sandstone packed with the bivalves gryphea gigantea, oxytoma inaequivalvis and pseudopecten aequivalvis. Osteology of rhomaleosaurus thorntoni sauropterygia. This sandstone of the dyrham formation has been given the local name sandrock by past workers. Assessment of groundbased monitoring techniques applied. Microstructural characteristics of the whitby mudstone. Pdf whitby mudstone formation its microstructure, porosity. Dec, 2018 the upper ordovicianlower silurian mudstones including the wufeng, guanyinqiao and longmaxi formations in the sichuan basin are some of the most important shale gas plays in china. Download the pdf of engineering geology of british rocks and soils.
Horizontal fracturefault network characterization of pavement. With increased pressure over time, the platey clay minerals may become aligned, with the appearance of fissility or parallel layering. Lias group engineering geological studies of bedrock formations. Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediment grains deposited by water, wind or ice. The ironstone formation is overlain by the whitby mudstone formation, which forms the. Although the ammonites of the toarcian whitby mudstone formation. Samples were analysed for organic carbon isotopes, total organic carbon. The whitby mudstone formation in northeast england contains three shale facies normal, restricted and bituminous which have previously been differentiated. Bedparallel fractures, some of which contain blocky calcite fills, occur preferentially within well. Whitby jet and its relation to upper lias sedimentation in. Part or all of this report is presented in portable document format pdf.