Renewable energy sources including biomass, geothermal, ocean, solar, and wind energy, as well as hydropower have a huge potential to provide energy services for the world. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a source of renewable energy wherein the temperature differential between deeper, colder water and warmer. Advantages and disadvantages of thermal power sciencing. Now, lets look at some of the drawbacks of ocean thermal energy and determine why it may not be economical to engage in this form of energy production. We may often confuse wave energy from tidal energy. Thermal energy, unlike in other ways, can be felt by the. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec technology uses a turbine generator to create renewable energy from the temperature difference between cold, deep seawater circulating in the ocean and surface seawater warmed by the sun. Ocean thermal energy definition, advantages, disadvantages. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process or technology for producing energy by harnessing the temperature differences thermal gradients between ocean surface waters and deep ocean waters. Once the technology is built, it doesnt require and more costs. Pdf ijsrst173836 relevance of ocean thermal energy.
Oct 04, 2012 our goal is to generate competitive and sustainable baseload power through ocean thermal energy conversion otec and attractive energy efficient alternatives to air conditioning through seawater district cooling sdc, as well as affordable potable water, sustainable food production, and economic development opportunities to our customers. Since that time, we have been actively involved in ote, commercializing otec around the world. Pdf prospects of ammonia based ocean thermal energy. Principles of generation of ocean thermal energy conversion. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the ocean thermal gradient between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surface seawaters to run a heat engine and produce useful work, usually in the form of electricity. The ocean works as a huge storage device for thermal energy. How will ocean thermal energy conversion help the environment.
It is a clean and pollution free renewable source of energy. In simple words we can say, the system is independent of weather. A leader in ocean thermal energy conversion commercialization author. Nonconventional sources of energy are turning out to be extremely important sources of energy for mankind. Power generated from otec is renewable and pollution free. Ocean thermal energy conversion produces energy from temperature differences in ocean waters. The paper explores the potential use of ammonia in ocean thermal energy conversion. Pdf competitiveness of ocean thermal energy conversion. Thermalpower plants are not environment friendly and plants emits toxic pollutants like ash, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide. The man knew about heat and fire for a long time ago and had been using it for various applications. Kulkarni department of mechanical engineering 201617.
The greater the temperature differential, the higher the efficiency of the heat engine. Otec is one of the various green energy sources gaining a presence in some of our countries. Once the turbines have been installed, no direct greenhouse gas ghg gas with physical properties that cause the earths atmosphere to warm up. There is a small variation in power output from season to season. The word geothermal is derived from the greek word geo which means earth and the word thermal and the world thermal which means heat.
Ocean thermal energy conversion an overview sciencedirect. Otec uses the temperature gradient that exists in tropical oceans to generate electricity from thermal energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion research papers academia. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses warm surface water to produce steam using either ammonia or a vacuum to generate electricity. One of the primary advantages of thermal power is that the generation costs are extremely low. Pdf an annotated bibliography focused on ocean thermal energy. The energy production with otec is very constant, as the temperatures in the ocean hardly vary between day and night or even between the seasons. The tropical ocean at a typical otec site has two distinct layers. In this article, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of wave energy which is as important as understanding how it works. Cbse class 10 science sources of energy we will understand how the temperature difference between the water levels of the ocean can be used to generate electricity. What are the advantages and disadvantages of thermal power. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec generates electricity indirectly from solar energy by harnessing the temperature difference between the sunwarmed surface of tropical oceans and the colder deep waters. The engine working on this principle and utilises ocean energy is referred as otec.
Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is an energy technology that makes use of the oceans temperature difference between the warm surface water and the cold deeper water to drive a turbine connected to a generator to produce electricity. Thermal energy can be used almost directly like in power generation steam. Only a small variation in output takes place from season to season. Due to small temperature difference in between the surface water and deep water, conversion efficiency is very low about 34%. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a way of getting useful energy from the worlds oceans. Conclusions 15 bibliography 16 renewable energy an ecofriendly alternative. What is otec ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a marine renewable energy technology that harnesses the solar energy absorbed by the oceans to generate electric power.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of ocean thermal. Wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, hydropower no single technology provides an ideal solution otec advantages baseload power 24 hoursday, 365 days a year. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a source of renewable energy wherein the temperature differential between deeper, colder water and warmer, shallow water is used to run a heat energy engine and produce electricity. Otec can operate with a very high capacity factor and so can operate in base load mode. Basically, ocean thermal energy conversion is an electricity generation system. Open cycle plants must be located on land within 3 km access to cold water and these plants are small plants from 110 mw due to the limit of the lowpressure turbine at 2. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a source of renewable energy wherein the temperature differential between deeper, colder water and warmer, shallow water is used to run a heat energy. A solar pond is a pool of saltwater which collects and stores solar thermal energy. Marine energy systems advantages and disadvantages. The big island of hawaii wants intends to build a otec is a much more expensive energy source than fossil fuels, which has made many policy makers reluctant to get behind it. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a baseload renewable energy source that uses the temperature difference between the warm surface ocean water and the cold deep ocean water to generate electricity. As mentioned earlier, another advantage of open or hybridcycle otec plants is the production of fresh water from seawater.
Ocean thermal energy conversion otec types renewable energy. The raw materials used to produce thermal power are fund or exhaustible resource. So, the plant are often inbuilt solely appropriate for tropical locations. Power developed is continuous and it is independent of weather. A basic 4minute introduction from offshore infrastructure associates, inc, with good animations, based on puerto rico as an example location. Pdf a closed cycle ocean thermal energy conversion basically.
The used steam is almost fresh water and it is condensed with the cold ocean water. No fuel is needed to generate the power, and the minimal energy needed to pump water to the earths surface can be taken from the total energy yield. The suns heat warms the surface water a lot more than the deep ocean water, which creates the oceans naturally available temperature gradient, or thermal energy. A longer, 14minute introduction that includes details of lockheeds otec plant in hawaii and how it was tested. We can learn that the cost to purchase and install the necessary equipment for harnessing otec is high. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process that employs the. Otec oceanthermalenergyconversion,theprocess of converting the ocean thermal energy into electricity. Natural energy laboratory nel constructed and operated a 210 kw plant from 19921998. The benefits to be assessed in the usvi study include both the baseload. Ocean thermal energy conversion makai ocean engineering. Low efficiency of these plants coupled with high capital cost and maintenance cost.
A signircant fraction of solar radiation incident on the ocean is retained by seawater in tropical. This is referred to as otec for ocean thermal energy conversion. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the ocean thermal gradient between cooler. One major drawback of otec is its economic feasibility. Ocean thermal energy can easily provide 40 mj of thermal energy to get 1 cubic meter of fresh water. There are many different technologies that allow for energy production from the ocean, such as generating energy from waves, tides, and ocean temperatures. Ocean thermal energy conversion advantages and disadvantages. Ocean thermal energy corporation ote builds and operates clean hydrothermal energy plants worldwide using the proven technologies of ocean thermal energy conversion otec and seawaterlake water air conditioning swac. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the temperature difference between the surface and deep layers to generate electricity. Otec is applicable to most parts of the worlds deep oceans between 20 o north. The cost of installation of the device and maintenance of the ability plant is high. Less initial cost as compared to other generating plants. Darsonval first thought about the idea more than a century ago but it was only in early 1970 when research on this technology started to take shape. Cooler deep water then cools the system and the cycle continues.
There are several great advantages to ocean thermal energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion development update. However like all power sources, thermal isnt perfect, and disadvantages. Our goal is to generate competitive and sustainable baseload power through ocean thermal energy conversion otec and attractive energy efficient alternatives to air conditioning through seawater district cooling sdc, as well as affordable potable water, sustainable food production, and economic development opportunities to our customers. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec, which produces clean baseload 247 renewable energy and fresh drinking water was a perfect match for our venture fund. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses large flows of warm surface seawater and cold deep seawater to generate clean electricity. Ocean thermal energy conversion stanford university.
Wind, that is moving air, possesses some kinetic energy due to its high speed. The energy required to move the heating and cooling ocean water through the heat exchangers can be much less than the theoretical energy requirement of 1 kwh for each cubic meter. Looking into the benefits or limitations of otec will help us to deduce whether this form of energy production is economical or not. Apr 21, 2017 marine energy has several types of energy, there are tidal energy, wave energy, ocean current energy, ocean thermal energy, and osmotic energy. Among ocean energy sources, otec is one of the continuously available. View ocean thermal energy conversion research papers on academia. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of otec system. Even though there are lesser emissions, digging deep holes causes seismic disturbances which have led to earthquakes. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec and the pacific islands page 5 executive summary the idea of using thermal energy from the ocean is not new. The impact of otec energy on environment is also presented in this paper. The sun shines on the oceans of the world and in the hot parts near the water at the seas surface can be quite warm, sometimes as high as 30c. The benefits of the opencycle system are, you dont have to deal with the low. Ocean thermal energy otec ocean thermal energy also called as ocean thermal energy conversion otec refers to a method of using the temperature difference between the deep parts of the sea which are cold and the shallow parts of the sea which are cold to run a heat engine and produce useful work.
Jan 09, 2015 geothermal energy seminar and ppt with pdf report. The one disadvantage is, the pressurized chamber has to have zero leaks in order. In an opencycle system, when the surface water is vaporised, it precipitates out all of its salt, so once the vapour is condensed again it is drinkable. Ocean thermal energy conversion, or otec, taps into this energy to produce. Dec 12, 2008 most of the planet is covered by the oceans, and they absorb a staggering amount of energy from the sun each day. With global warming a certainty, it is imperative that we turn to nonpolluting and renewable sources of energy. For more information on the difference between the two, visit the u. If harvested in small amounts it may be considered to have no impact at all, but if it gets to be too explored it may change local ecosistems by.
The deeper parts of the ocean are cooler due to the fact that the heat of sunlight cannot penetrate very deep into the water. It does not produce green house gases or waste products. Advantages and disadvantages of ocean thermal energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec pdf ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the temperature difference between. Advantages and disadvantages of thermal energy recurso. If using tidal energy, it can only supply power for about 10 hours a day because of the pattern of the tides.
Ocean thermal energy conversion the large ocean surface acts as a reservoir of solar energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion simple english wikipedia. Construction of geothermal energy plants can affect the seismic stability to a large extent. Ocean thermal energy conversion technology britannica. Energy from the sun heats the surface water of the. Below is the definition the five types of marine energy, how it works, and the advantages as well as disadvantages of each energy. An excellent description of otec technology together with a list of countries best suited. Read this article to learn about the advantages and disadvantages of thermal power.
Understanding the pros and cons of this alternative renewable energy source can help determine whether it is an option to meet future needs and demands in an environmentally friendly and safe way. The saltwater naturally forms a vertical salinity gradient also known as a halocline, in which lowsalinity water floats on top of highsalinity water. But, it is essential for us to understand that both forms of energy are actually a type of ocean energy. General advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy 5. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec types renewable.
Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a method of. Pdf on oct 10, 2016, sawsan ahmed elhouri and others published 70. Otec transfer function the relationship between the thermal resource and the electricity generated. The sun warms the surface water and wave motion mixes it to the downward from the deep cold water, formed at high latitudes, by a thermocline.
The cooler deep ocean water can condense the vapor into water. Advantages and limitations of ocean thermal energy conversion. Electricity generation by the ocean thermal energy. Hot springs are just one example of this naturallyoccurring thermal energy. With todays rising power demands, geothermal power plants are attractive options for their cheap, environmentallyfriendly energy production. One such source of energy is ocean thermal energy conversionotec. Marine energy has several types of energy, there are tidal energy, wave energy, ocean current energy, ocean thermal energy, and osmotic energy. It can be installed at any place irrespective of the existence of coal. One disadvantage of landbased facilities arises from the turbulent wave.
Wind is a result of the solar energy, as heating of land results in movement of air. Bansilal ramnath agarwal charitable trusts vishwakarma institute of technology a seminar report on ocean thermal energy conversion by mr. Wave energy conversion and ocean thermal energy conversion. Some of the major drawbacks of otec include the following. Otec ocean thermal energy conversion principle your.
Wave energy conversion wec and ocean thermal energy conversion otec are two potentially significant sources of renewable energy that are available to help the asian development banks adb developing member countries dmcs reduce their dependence on fossilfuel based energy generation and bolster energy security. The thermal energy as its name implies, this source of energy is generated by heat, therefore, there are several ways to obtain it, for example. Ocean energy would help but there are also some drawbacks to using this type of renewable energy. In order to produce power with the low temperature range, a working fluid with low boiling point is used. Perhaps the most important of these is that it produces fresh water as a byproduct. The geothermal energy is nothing but the heat from the earth and we can avail this to heat the buildings, generate electricity and much more. Here the efficiency of the system depends on the temperature difference. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec, form of energy conversion that makes use of the temperature differential between the warm surface waters of the oceans, heated by solar radiation, and the deeper cold waters to generate power in a conventional heat engine.
Red and orange areas indicate parts of the ocean in which otec is a. The fluid used in this application is usually a liquid with a relatively low boiling point, like ammonia. Now lets discuss advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy. They dont require much maintenance, and will last longer than tradition power plants. What are the advantages and disadvantages of thermal energy. Enough electricity is produced to drive the pumps and the excess is exported to the grid. Wave energy conversion and ocean thermal energy conversion potential in developing member countries wave energy conversion wec and ocean thermal energy conversion otec are two potentially significant sources of renewable energy that are available to help the asian development banks adb. Ocean thermal energy conversion, renewable energy source. There are a number of naturally occurring greenhouse gases. The process involved in ocean thermal energy, also known as ocean thermal energy conversion, has both benefits and disadvantages. Otec is an energy technology that makes use of the oceans temperature difference between the.
Advantages of geothermal energy 1 it is a renewable source of energy. In converting ocean thermal energy to electricity, we would need less than 1 percent of this. Many oceans are very deep and the water at depths of 1,000 meters can be around 5 c. The world oceans harness enough thermal and mechanical energy to meet and exceed global energy demands, however a relatively small amount of renewable energy research has focused on utilizing ocean energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a method of generating energy that uses the temperature differences between warm surface water and colder deep seawater to produce energy.