It is a clean and pollution free renewable source of energy. Energy from the sun heats the surface water of the. As mentioned earlier, another advantage of open or hybridcycle otec plants is the production of fresh water from seawater. Read this article to learn about the advantages and disadvantages of thermal power. Thermal energy, unlike in other ways, can be felt by the. In converting ocean thermal energy to electricity, we would need less than 1 percent of this. Hot springs are just one example of this naturallyoccurring thermal energy.
Renewable energy sources including biomass, geothermal, ocean, solar, and wind energy, as well as hydropower have a huge potential to provide energy services for the world. The world oceans harness enough thermal and mechanical energy to meet and exceed global energy demands, however a relatively small amount of renewable energy research has focused on utilizing ocean energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec generates electricity indirectly from solar energy by harnessing the temperature difference between the sunwarmed surface of tropical oceans and the colder deep waters. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec types renewable. The ocean works as a huge storage device for thermal energy. Otec ocean thermal energy conversion principle your. The sun warms the surface water and wave motion mixes it to the downward from the deep cold water, formed at high latitudes, by a thermocline. The energy required to move the heating and cooling ocean water through the heat exchangers can be much less than the theoretical energy requirement of 1 kwh for each cubic meter. Dec 12, 2008 most of the planet is covered by the oceans, and they absorb a staggering amount of energy from the sun each day. Now lets discuss advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy.
Ocean thermal energy conversion otec types renewable energy. Perhaps the most important of these is that it produces fresh water as a byproduct. In order to produce power with the low temperature range, a working fluid with low boiling point is used. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a method of. Ocean thermal energy conversion produces energy from temperature differences in ocean waters. Darsonval first thought about the idea more than a century ago but it was only in early 1970 when research on this technology started to take shape. It does not produce green house gases or waste products. This is referred to as otec for ocean thermal energy conversion.
Wind, that is moving air, possesses some kinetic energy due to its high speed. If harvested in small amounts it may be considered to have no impact at all, but if it gets to be too explored it may change local ecosistems by. The deeper parts of the ocean are cooler due to the fact that the heat of sunlight cannot penetrate very deep into the water. Wind is a result of the solar energy, as heating of land results in movement of air. Pdf an annotated bibliography focused on ocean thermal energy. The engine working on this principle and utilises ocean energy is referred as otec. Ocean thermal energy conversion simple english wikipedia. The raw materials used to produce thermal power are fund or exhaustible resource. What are the advantages and disadvantages of thermal energy. Marine energy has several types of energy, there are tidal energy, wave energy, ocean current energy, ocean thermal energy, and osmotic energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the ocean thermal gradient between cooler. Electricity generation by the ocean thermal energy. A basic 4minute introduction from offshore infrastructure associates, inc, with good animations, based on puerto rico as an example location.
The word geothermal is derived from the greek word geo which means earth and the word thermal and the world thermal which means heat. A solar pond is a pool of saltwater which collects and stores solar thermal energy. A signircant fraction of solar radiation incident on the ocean is retained by seawater in tropical. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the temperature difference between the surface and deep layers to generate electricity. The geothermal energy is nothing but the heat from the earth and we can avail this to heat the buildings, generate electricity and much more. Ocean thermal energy definition, advantages, disadvantages. Enough electricity is produced to drive the pumps and the excess is exported to the grid. Thermal energy can be used almost directly like in power generation steam. Ocean thermal energy corporation ote builds and operates clean hydrothermal energy plants worldwide using the proven technologies of ocean thermal energy conversion otec and seawaterlake water air conditioning swac. But, it is essential for us to understand that both forms of energy are actually a type of ocean energy. Now, lets look at some of the drawbacks of ocean thermal energy and determine why it may not be economical to engage in this form of energy production.
Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the ocean thermal gradient between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surface seawaters to run a heat engine and produce useful work, usually in the form of electricity. Pdf competitiveness of ocean thermal energy conversion. There are several great advantages to ocean thermal energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec pdf ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the temperature difference between. Conclusions 15 bibliography 16 renewable energy an ecofriendly alternative. Ocean thermal energy conversion, renewable energy source. The one disadvantage is, the pressurized chamber has to have zero leaks in order. The benefits of the opencycle system are, you dont have to deal with the low. The tropical ocean at a typical otec site has two distinct layers.
Power generated from otec is renewable and pollution free. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec, form of energy conversion that makes use of the temperature differential between the warm surface waters of the oceans, heated by solar radiation, and the deeper cold waters to generate power in a conventional heat engine. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is an energy technology that makes use of the oceans temperature difference between the warm surface water and the cold deeper water to drive a turbine connected to a generator to produce electricity. In this article, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of wave energy which is as important as understanding how it works.
One of the primary advantages of thermal power is that the generation costs are extremely low. Wave energy conversion wec and ocean thermal energy conversion otec are two potentially significant sources of renewable energy that are available to help the asian development banks adb developing member countries dmcs reduce their dependence on fossilfuel based energy generation and bolster energy security. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ocean thermal. The fluid used in this application is usually a liquid with a relatively low boiling point, like ammonia. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses large flows of warm surface seawater and cold deep seawater to generate clean electricity.
Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a way of getting useful energy from the worlds oceans. Understanding the pros and cons of this alternative renewable energy source can help determine whether it is an option to meet future needs and demands in an environmentally friendly and safe way. Jan 09, 2015 geothermal energy seminar and ppt with pdf report. Our goal is to generate competitive and sustainable baseload power through ocean thermal energy conversion otec and attractive energy efficient alternatives to air conditioning through seawater district cooling sdc, as well as affordable potable water, sustainable food production, and economic development opportunities to our customers. Pdf ijsrst173836 relevance of ocean thermal energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec and the pacific islands page 5 executive summary the idea of using thermal energy from the ocean is not new. General advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy 5. Wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, hydropower no single technology provides an ideal solution otec advantages baseload power 24 hoursday, 365 days a year.
Ocean thermal energy can easily provide 40 mj of thermal energy to get 1 cubic meter of fresh water. Red and orange areas indicate parts of the ocean in which otec is a. Oct 04, 2012 our goal is to generate competitive and sustainable baseload power through ocean thermal energy conversion otec and attractive energy efficient alternatives to air conditioning through seawater district cooling sdc, as well as affordable potable water, sustainable food production, and economic development opportunities to our customers. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process or technology for producing energy by harnessing the temperature differences thermal gradients between ocean surface waters and deep ocean waters. Pdf a closed cycle ocean thermal energy conversion basically.
Ocean thermal energy conversion otec, which produces clean baseload 247 renewable energy and fresh drinking water was a perfect match for our venture fund. The process involved in ocean thermal energy, also known as ocean thermal energy conversion, has both benefits and disadvantages. The greater the temperature differential, the higher the efficiency of the heat engine. Power developed is continuous and it is independent of weather. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process that employs the. Marine energy systems advantages and disadvantages.
We can learn that the cost to purchase and install the necessary equipment for harnessing otec is high. Ocean thermal energy conversion technology britannica. Many oceans are very deep and the water at depths of 1,000 meters can be around 5 c. For more information on the difference between the two, visit the u. Kulkarni department of mechanical engineering 201617. Otec is an energy technology that makes use of the oceans temperature difference between the. Open cycle plants must be located on land within 3 km access to cold water and these plants are small plants from 110 mw due to the limit of the lowpressure turbine at 2. Otec uses the temperature gradient that exists in tropical oceans to generate electricity from thermal energy. There are a number of naturally occurring greenhouse gases. Otec transfer function the relationship between the thermal resource and the electricity generated.
Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a method of generating energy that uses the temperature differences between warm surface water and colder deep seawater to produce energy. Apr 21, 2017 marine energy has several types of energy, there are tidal energy, wave energy, ocean current energy, ocean thermal energy, and osmotic energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion the large ocean surface acts as a reservoir of solar energy. There is a small variation in power output from season to season. There are many different technologies that allow for energy production from the ocean, such as generating energy from waves, tides, and ocean temperatures. Advantages and disadvantages of ocean thermal energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion development update. In simple words we can say, the system is independent of weather. Ocean thermal energy conversion, or otec, taps into this energy to produce. Cooler deep water then cools the system and the cycle continues. Once the technology is built, it doesnt require and more costs.
It can be installed at any place irrespective of the existence of coal. A longer, 14minute introduction that includes details of lockheeds otec plant in hawaii and how it was tested. They dont require much maintenance, and will last longer than tradition power plants. Ocean thermal energy conversion stanford university. What are the advantages and disadvantages of thermal power. Otec can operate with a very high capacity factor and so can operate in base load mode.
Ocean thermal energy otec ocean thermal energy also called as ocean thermal energy conversion otec refers to a method of using the temperature difference between the deep parts of the sea which are cold and the shallow parts of the sea which are cold to run a heat engine and produce useful work. In an opencycle system, when the surface water is vaporised, it precipitates out all of its salt, so once the vapour is condensed again it is drinkable. The used steam is almost fresh water and it is condensed with the cold ocean water. The suns heat warms the surface water a lot more than the deep ocean water, which creates the oceans naturally available temperature gradient, or thermal energy. Wave energy conversion and ocean thermal energy conversion potential in developing member countries wave energy conversion wec and ocean thermal energy conversion otec are two potentially significant sources of renewable energy that are available to help the asian development banks adb. Looking into the benefits or limitations of otec will help us to deduce whether this form of energy production is economical or not. No fuel is needed to generate the power, and the minimal energy needed to pump water to the earths surface can be taken from the total energy yield. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a source of renewable energy wherein the temperature differential between deeper, colder water and warmer. One major drawback of otec is its economic feasibility.
Even though there are lesser emissions, digging deep holes causes seismic disturbances which have led to earthquakes. However like all power sources, thermal isnt perfect, and disadvantages. Basically, ocean thermal energy conversion is an electricity generation system. Once the turbines have been installed, no direct greenhouse gas ghg gas with physical properties that cause the earths atmosphere to warm up.
Natural energy laboratory nel constructed and operated a 210 kw plant from 19921998. Nonconventional sources of energy are turning out to be extremely important sources of energy for mankind. We may often confuse wave energy from tidal energy. A leader in ocean thermal energy conversion commercialization author. With global warming a certainty, it is imperative that we turn to nonpolluting and renewable sources of energy. So, the plant are often inbuilt solely appropriate for tropical locations. View ocean thermal energy conversion research papers on academia. Since that time, we have been actively involved in ote, commercializing otec around the world.
The cooler deep ocean water can condense the vapor into water. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a source of renewable energy wherein the temperature differential between deeper, colder water and warmer, shallow water is used to run a heat energy engine and produce electricity. Among ocean energy sources, otec is one of the continuously available. The paper explores the potential use of ammonia in ocean thermal energy conversion. Low efficiency of these plants coupled with high capital cost and maintenance cost. Ocean thermal energy conversion research papers academia. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a baseload renewable energy source that uses the temperature difference between the warm surface ocean water and the cold deep ocean water to generate electricity. Less initial cost as compared to other generating plants. Only a small variation in output takes place from season to season. Wave energy conversion and ocean thermal energy conversion. Otec is applicable to most parts of the worlds deep oceans between 20 o north. Ocean energy would help but there are also some drawbacks to using this type of renewable energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses warm surface water to produce steam using either ammonia or a vacuum to generate electricity.
The benefits to be assessed in the usvi study include both the baseload. Advantages and disadvantages of thermal power sciencing. Advantages of geothermal energy 1 it is a renewable source of energy. The man knew about heat and fire for a long time ago and had been using it for various applications.
Thermalpower plants are not environment friendly and plants emits toxic pollutants like ash, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec technology uses a turbine generator to create renewable energy from the temperature difference between cold, deep seawater circulating in the ocean and surface seawater warmed by the sun. Advantages and disadvantages of thermal energy recurso. Cbse class 10 science sources of energy we will understand how the temperature difference between the water levels of the ocean can be used to generate electricity. If using tidal energy, it can only supply power for about 10 hours a day because of the pattern of the tides. How will ocean thermal energy conversion help the environment. Otec is one of the various green energy sources gaining a presence in some of our countries. Some of the major drawbacks of otec include the following. The energy production with otec is very constant, as the temperatures in the ocean hardly vary between day and night or even between the seasons.
Principles of generation of ocean thermal energy conversion. What is otec ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a marine renewable energy technology that harnesses the solar energy absorbed by the oceans to generate electric power. One disadvantage of landbased facilities arises from the turbulent wave. Ocean thermal energy conversion makai ocean engineering. The sun shines on the oceans of the world and in the hot parts near the water at the seas surface can be quite warm, sometimes as high as 30c. The big island of hawaii wants intends to build a otec is a much more expensive energy source than fossil fuels, which has made many policy makers reluctant to get behind it.
Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a source of renewable energy wherein the temperature differential between deeper, colder water and warmer, shallow water is used to run a heat energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion advantages and disadvantages. With todays rising power demands, geothermal power plants are attractive options for their cheap, environmentallyfriendly energy production. The impact of otec energy on environment is also presented in this paper.
Due to small temperature difference in between the surface water and deep water, conversion efficiency is very low about 34%. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of otec system. Ocean thermal energy conversion an overview sciencedirect. An excellent description of otec technology together with a list of countries best suited. Below is the definition the five types of marine energy, how it works, and the advantages as well as disadvantages of each energy. Construction of geothermal energy plants can affect the seismic stability to a large extent. One such source of energy is ocean thermal energy conversionotec. The cost of installation of the device and maintenance of the ability plant is high.